Computer Science

CAP Theorem, explained

CAP theorem says a distributed data system cannot simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance during a network partition.
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Part of the Semantic Notion technical glossary.

Short Definition

CAP theorem says a distributed data system cannot simultaneously guarantee consistency, availability, and partition tolerance during a network partition.

Intuition

When the network splits, a system must choose between answering every request and preserving one consistent view of data.

Technical Definition

Under partition, a distributed system must trade off availability against linearizable consistency; partition tolerance is a condition to survive, not an optional feature.

Example

A replicated store may reject writes during a partition to preserve consistency.

Common Misunderstandings

CAP is often oversimplified as choosing two of three forever.
Real systems make more nuanced consistency and availability tradeoffs.

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